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[halshs-02390313] Un consensus paradoxal. Conservation des ressources hydriques et croissance économique en Arizona
Dec 1, 2021 | 03:34 am[...]
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[hal-03426144] Grassification and Fast-Evolving Fire Connectivity and Risk in the Sonoran Desert, United States
Nov 25, 2021 | 03:45 amn the southwestern United States, non-native grass invasions have increased wildfire occurrence in deserts and the likelihood of fire spread to and from other biomes with disparate fire regimes. The elevational transition between desertscrub and montane grasslands, woodlands, and forests generally occurs at ∼1,200 masl and has experienced fast suburbanization and an expanding wildland-urban interface (WUI). In summer 2020, the Bighorn Fire in the Santa Catalina Mountains burned 486 km2 and prompted alerts and evacuations along a 40-km stretch of WUI below 1,200 masl on the outskirts of Tucson, Arizona, a metropolitan area of >1M people. To better understand the changing nature of the WUI here and elsewhere in the region, we took a multidimensional and timely approach to assess fire dynamics along the Desertscrub-Semi-desert Grassland ecotone in the Catalina foothills, which is in various stages of non-native grass invasion. The Bighorn Fire was principally a forest fire driven by[…]
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[halshs-03440084] Trends in Media Coverage and Information Diffusion Over Time: The Case of the American Earth Systems Research Centre Biosphere 2
Nov 25, 2021 | 03:45 amThis study examined research centre Biosphere 2 (B2) coverage by US newspapers between 1984 (as stories of conception before construction emerged) and 2019 (at the time this research was conducted) in order to uncover news diffusion relative to B2 in public media across historic eras and amid shifts in stakeholders over time. The analysis focussed on how a scientific institution and its innovative activities implied values, impacted the meaning-making of its project, as well as influenced the amount of information shared across sources (i.e., regional, metropole or elite) and media scale (i.e., local, regional, national outlets). This analysis identified nine eras delimited by scientific or organisational events. The findings emerging from this study can inform understandings of media behaviour around other scientific institutions and experiments.
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[halshs-02557866] Eau et gestion de l'eau dans les Amériques
Nov 17, 2021 | 12:31 pmIntroduction et coordination du numéro thématique « Eau et gestion de l'eau dans les Amériques ». IdeAs, Idées d'Amériques.
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[halshs-03167310] Apports de l’écoacoustique pour l’analyse des changements temporels dans les communautés d'oiseaux nicheurs
Nov 17, 2021 | 12:31 pm[...]
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[halshs-03151568] Soundscapes Analysis: examples from Pima County
Nov 17, 2021 | 12:31 pm[...]
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[hal-02979855] Le champ des politiques hydriques dans l’Ouest étasunien
Nov 12, 2021 | 15:08 pmFace à la « crise hydrique » que traverse l’ouest des États-Unis depuis une quinzaine d’années les acteurs compétents dans le domaine de l’eau ont décidé d’apporter des réponses qui peuvent être qualifiées de « néo-conservationnistes ». Il n’est pas tant question de revoir le modèle économique et urbain à la source d’une consommation en eau excédant les ressources disponibles, que de trouver des arrangements contractuels et techniques permettant de poursuivre l’expansion économique et urbaine. En prenant une certaine distance par rapport aux approches de la géographie critique sur ces questions, l’article défend l’idée que l’émergence du« néo-conservationnisme » observé dans l’Ouest des États-Unis n’est pas le résultat d’une domination incontestée des élites économiques, politiques et bureaucratiques dont le seul moteur serait de lever les obstacles au processus d’accumulation de capital. La thèse de l’article est que les politiques hydriques observées doivent être plutôt considérées comme l’objectivation provisoire d’un état[…]
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[halshs-02403700] Multi-level policy coalitions an interpretative model of water conflicts in the Americas
Nov 12, 2021 | 15:08 pmThis article proposes an analytical approach to conflicts and policy-making related to urban water management based on multi-level policy coalitions. This is necessary to articulate four main issues. First, the repositioning of social and political struggles for access to water, along with policy variables. Second, the analysis of the effects of ecological transition, including climate change. Third, the reincorporation of these struggles and challenges in a multi-level approach. Finally, the enquiry into the apparent contradiction, in contemporary policymaking. The article proposes a definition of multi-level coalitions as collective preference systems that influence the content of policies (ideas/advocacy, decisions, policy tools) and their implementation, groups of actors that arise from engagement in policy issues. In the first section, the article presents the objectives of research on urban water management in the Americas, within the framework of which this analytical approach by multi-level coalitions is fashioned. In the second section, the article[…]
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[halshs-01094148] Les coalitions mutiniveaux d'action publique. Un modèle interprétatif des conflits pour l'eau dans les Amériques
Nov 12, 2021 | 15:08 pmCet article propose une approche analytique des conflits et de l'action publique en matière de gestion des eaux urbaines basée sur les coalitions multi-niveaux d'action publique. Cette dernière est rendue nécessaire pour articuler quatre niveaux d’analyse : replacer les luttes sociales et politiques pour l'accès à l'eau ainsi que la variable politique au centre de l'analyse ; analyser les effets de la « transition écologique », dont le changement climatique, comme de simples enjeux sociopolitiques appropriés par les protagonistes des conflits et de l'action publique ; réintroduire ces luttes et enjeux dans une approche multi-niveaux, c'est-à-dire sortir des seules dimensions territoriales ou inversement internationales ; interroger l'apparente contradiction, dans l'action publique contemporaine, entre le renforcement de l'hétérogénéité des logiques d'action publique d'une part, et la constitution d'espaces relativement homogènes de pouvoir, de décision et d'action d'autre part. L'article propose une définition des coalitions multi-niveaux comme des systèmes de préférences collectifs[…]
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[halshs-01904917] An Instrumented Methodology to Analyze and Categorize Information Flows on Twitter Using NLP and Deep Learning : A Use Case on Air Quality
Nov 3, 2021 | 09:49 amThis article focuses on the development of an instrumented methodology for modeling and analyzing the circulation message flows concerning air quality on the social network Twitter. This methodology aims at describing and representing, on the one hand, the modes of circulation and distribution of message flows on this social media and, on the other hand, the content exchanged between stakeholders. To achieve this, we developed Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools and a classifier based on Deep Learning approaches in order to categorize messages from scratch. The conceptual and instrumented methodology presented is part of a broader interdisciplinary methodology, based on quantitative and qualitative methods, for the study of communication in environmental health. A use case of air quality is presented.
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[halshs-01800457] Categorizing Air Quality Information Flow on Twitter Using Deep Learning Tools
Nov 3, 2021 | 09:49 amEnvironmental health is an emerging and hotly debated topic that covers several fields of study such as pollution in urban or rural environments and the consequences of these changes on health populations. In this field of intersectorial forces, the complexity of stakeholders’ logics is realized in the production, use and communication of data and information on air quality. The Twitter platform is a `` partial public space '' that can throw light on the different types of stakeholders involved, the information and issues discussed and the dynamics of articulation between these different aspects. A methodology aiming at describing and representing, on the one hand, the modes of circulation and distribution of message flows on this social media and, on the other hand, the content exchanged between stakeholders, is presented. To achieve this, we developed a classifier based on Deep Learning approaches in order to categorize messages from scratch. The conceptual[…]
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[halshs-01914315] Water conflicts hydrocracy in the Americas : coalitions, networks, policies
Nov 3, 2021 | 07:59 amThis book develops an international comparative approach to water conflicts in several American cities (USA, Mexico, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia). Struggles for water can be related to different issues: increase in water prices, installation of water catchment systems, negotiations of commissioning contracts, promotion of municipal plans for water delivery, etc. Such conflicts tend to structure coalitions which, in turn, influence policy-making; they impact local orders that are embedded at multiple levels of social practices; they involve most of the environmental and political institutions of a city or a country. In order to understand how these hydrocracies work, this book proposes a new framework of analysis taking into account the beliefs of the protagonists of the conflicts, their positions in the policy networks and their social characteristics.
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[halshs-03151631] Mining’s Changing Priorities
Nov 3, 2021 | 07:10 am[...]
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[halshs-03151625] A Feminist Political Ecology Approach to Impacts of Mining on Rural Livelihoods in Northwest Mexico
Nov 3, 2021 | 07:10 am[...]
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[halshs-03151626] Community Vulnerabilities and Resiliencies: Gardens as Hubs for Environmental Health Research and Literacy Efforts
Nov 3, 2021 | 07:10 am[...]
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[halshs-03151621] A Local Government Perspective on the Rosemont Mine Proposal
Nov 3, 2021 | 07:10 am[...]
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[halshs-03151587] Sentinel devices, sentinel post, and sentinel territories
Nov 3, 2021 | 07:10 am[...]
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[halshs-03151579] Transboundary considerations in governance of water in the face of changing climate
Nov 3, 2021 | 07:10 am[...]
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[halshs-03151597] Mountaintops as sentinels: Los Angeles and its snowpack
Nov 3, 2021 | 07:10 am[...]
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[halshs-03151729] Cuentáme Más: Tales from Tumamoc
Nov 3, 2021 | 07:10 am[...]
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