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[halshs-03167310] Apports de l’écoacoustique pour l’analyse des changements temporels dans les communautés d'oiseaux nicheurs
May 19, 2022 | 15:45 pm[...]
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[halshs-02390313] Un consensus paradoxal. Conservation des ressources hydriques et croissance économique en Arizona
May 19, 2022 | 03:30 am[...]
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[halshs-01726034] Une promotion immobilière sous contraintes environnementales. Les logiques sociales du périurbain dans les Desert Cities de l’Ouest étasunien
May 12, 2022 | 03:15 amCet article étudie les dynamiques périurbaines des Desert Cities de l’Ouest étasunien, où l’expansion urbaine a pris la forme d’un étalement spatial, d’abord en périphérie des grandes villes émergentes puis à partir des communautés environnantes. Dans ce périurbain éloigné, la promotion immobilière, qui a reposé tout au long du XXe siècle sur l’appropriation des ressources hydriques, est désormais questionnée par les difficultés à acheminer suffisamment d’eau, amplifiées par le contexte de sécheresse actuel. L’enquête analyse la façon dont les relations entre les administrateurs municipaux, les agriculteurs, les promoteurs immobiliers et les élus, constituées autour d’« intérêts réciproques », les conduisent à mettre en place différentes stratégies d’adaptation aux contraintes environnementales : de sécurisation face à la rareté de la ressource hydrique ; d’intégration ou de contournement des normes régulant les usages de l’eau. La spécificité du périurbain des Desert Cities touchées par la rareté des ressources hydriques réside alors moins[…]
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[halshs-01094148] Les coalitions mutiniveaux d'action publique. Un modèle interprétatif des conflits pour l'eau dans les Amériques
May 11, 2022 | 12:34 pmCet article propose une approche analytique des conflits et de l'action publique en matière de gestion des eaux urbaines basée sur les coalitions multi-niveaux d'action publique. Cette dernière est rendue nécessaire pour articuler quatre niveaux d’analyse : replacer les luttes sociales et politiques pour l'accès à l'eau ainsi que la variable politique au centre de l'analyse ; analyser les effets de la « transition écologique », dont le changement climatique, comme de simples enjeux sociopolitiques appropriés par les protagonistes des conflits et de l'action publique ; réintroduire ces luttes et enjeux dans une approche multi-niveaux, c'est-à-dire sortir des seules dimensions territoriales ou inversement internationales ; interroger l'apparente contradiction, dans l'action publique contemporaine, entre le renforcement de l'hétérogénéité des logiques d'action publique d'une part, et la constitution d'espaces relativement homogènes de pouvoir, de décision et d'action d'autre part. L'article propose une définition des coalitions multi-niveaux comme des systèmes de préférences collectifs[…]
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[halshs-01914315] Water conflicts hydrocracy in the Americas : coalitions, networks, policies
May 11, 2022 | 12:34 pmThis book develops an international comparative approach to water conflicts in several American cities (USA, Mexico, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia). Struggles for water can be related to different issues: increase in water prices, installation of water catchment systems, negotiations of commissioning contracts, promotion of municipal plans for water delivery, etc. Such conflicts tend to structure coalitions which, in turn, influence policy-making; they impact local orders that are embedded at multiple levels of social practices; they involve most of the environmental and political institutions of a city or a country. In order to understand how these hydrocracies work, this book proposes a new framework of analysis taking into account the beliefs of the protagonists of the conflicts, their positions in the policy networks and their social characteristics.
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[halshs-01904917] An Instrumented Methodology to Analyze and Categorize Information Flows on Twitter Using NLP and Deep Learning : A Use Case on Air Quality
May 10, 2022 | 16:00 pmThis article focuses on the development of an instrumented methodology for modeling and analyzing the circulation message flows concerning air quality on the social network Twitter. This methodology aims at describing and representing, on the one hand, the modes of circulation and distribution of message flows on this social media and, on the other hand, the content exchanged between stakeholders. To achieve this, we developed Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools and a classifier based on Deep Learning approaches in order to categorize messages from scratch. The conceptual and instrumented methodology presented is part of a broader interdisciplinary methodology, based on quantitative and qualitative methods, for the study of communication in environmental health. A use case of air quality is presented.
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[halshs-01800457] Categorizing Air Quality Information Flow on Twitter Using Deep Learning Tools
May 10, 2022 | 16:00 pmEnvironmental health is an emerging and hotly debated topic that covers several fields of study such as pollution in urban or rural environments and the consequences of these changes on health populations. In this field of intersectorial forces, the complexity of stakeholders’ logics is realized in the production, use and communication of data and information on air quality. The Twitter platform is a `` partial public space '' that can throw light on the different types of stakeholders involved, the information and issues discussed and the dynamics of articulation between these different aspects. A methodology aiming at describing and representing, on the one hand, the modes of circulation and distribution of message flows on this social media and, on the other hand, the content exchanged between stakeholders, is presented. To achieve this, we developed a classifier based on Deep Learning approaches in order to categorize messages from scratch. The conceptual[…]
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[halshs-03440084] Trends in Media Coverage and Information Diffusion Over Time: The Case of the American Earth Systems Research Centre Biosphere 2
May 10, 2022 | 16:00 pmThis study examined research centre Biosphere 2 (B2) coverage by US newspapers between 1984 (as stories of conception before construction emerged) and 2019 (at the time this research was conducted) in order to uncover news diffusion relative to B2 in public media across historic eras and amid shifts in stakeholders over time. The analysis focussed on how a scientific institution and its innovative activities implied values, impacted the meaning-making of its project, as well as influenced the amount of information shared across sources (i.e., regional, metropole or elite) and media scale (i.e., local, regional, national outlets). This analysis identified nine eras delimited by scientific or organisational events. The findings emerging from this study can inform understandings of media behaviour around other scientific institutions and experiments.
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[hal-03655087] Monitoring Annual Land Use/Land Cover Change in the Tucson Metropolitan Area with Google Earth Engine (1986-2020)
May 6, 2022 | 03:34 amThe Tucson metropolitan area, located in the Sonoran Desert of southeastern Arizona (USA), is affected by both massive population growth and rapid climate change, resulting in important land use and land cover (LULC) changes. As its fragile arid ecosystem and scarce resources are increasingly under pressure, there is a crucial need to monitor such landscape transformations. For such ends, we propose a method to compute yearly 30 m resolution LULC maps of the region from 1986 to 2020, using a combination of Landsat imagery, derived transformation and indices, texture analysis and other ancillary data fed to a Random Forest classifier. The entire process was hosted in the Google Earth Engine with tremendous computing capacities that allowed us to process a large amount of data and to achieve high overall classification accuracy for each year, ranging from 86.7 to 96.3%. Conservative post-processing techniques were also used to mitigate the persistent confusions[…]
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[halshs-03151732] SONATAS – Listening to the Sounds of NATure to understAnd environmental changeS
Apr 30, 2022 | 03:40 amSONATAS is a multidisciplinary research project aiming at grasping (i) how local communities and people perceive their landscapes and ecosystems in a context of strong mutations of societies and their environment ; and (ii) how they think about adaptation to environmental changes through their immediate sound environments, or soundscapes. The project is located in the Pima County (Arizona – USA) which is confronted to multiples sociological and environmental changes including climate warming, water scarcity or uncontrolled urbanization. Moreover, it is locally facing an important mine project with potentially strong environmental consequences. Sonatas aims to understand through sounds experiences and perceptions how the environment is locally conceived by local communities and whether it is seen as changing or immuable. Our objective is to explore how different types of ecological knowledge coexist within those communities in the context of major mutations and how people could collaborate together to face those changes.
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[hal-02463217] Bringing together local ecological knowledge, anthropology & landscape ecology to understand the impacts of socio-ecological changes on rural communities in South-western France
Apr 30, 2022 | 03:40 amBringing together local ecological knowledge, anthropology & landscape ecology to understand the impacts of socio-ecological changes on rural communities in South-western France
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[halshs-03167307] What Bird Songs Can Tell Us of Local Perceptions of Environmental Changes? A Case Study along a Gradient of Human Pressure in South Arizona
Apr 29, 2022 | 10:13 am[...]
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[halshs-03151549] SONATAS (Listening to the SOunds of NATure to undersTAnd global environmental changeS)
Apr 29, 2022 | 10:13 am[...]
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[halshs-03167308] Observer les changements via l’avifaune : perceptions des changements par les écologues et par les chercheurs en sciences sociales
Apr 29, 2022 | 10:13 am[...]
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[halshs-03167306] Paysages sonores. Appréhender les dynamiques des paysages et des territoires au travers des sons (de la nature)
Apr 29, 2022 | 10:13 am[...]
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[hal-03519243] Linking acoustic diversity to compositional and configurational heterogeneity in mosaic landscapes
Apr 29, 2022 | 10:13 amContext There is a long-standing quest in landscape ecology for holistic biodiversity metrics accounting for multi-taxa diversity in heterogeneous habitat mosaics. Passive acoustic monitoring of biodiversity may provide integrative indices allowing to investigate how soundscapes are shaped by compositional and configurational heterogeneity of mosaic landscapes. Objectives We tested the effects of dominant habitat and landscape heterogeneity on acoustic diversity indices across a large range of mosaic landscapes from two long-term socio-ecological research areas in Occitanie, France and Arizona, USA. Methods We assessed acoustic diversity by automated recording for 44 landscapes distributed along gradients of compositional and configurational heterogeneity. We analyzed the responses of six acoustic indices and a composite multiacoustic index to habitat type and multi-scale landscape metrics for three time periods: 24 h-diel cycles, dawns and nights. Results Landscape mosaics dominated by permanent grasslands in Occitanie and woodlands in Arizona produced the highest values of acoustic diversity. Moreover, several[…]
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[halshs-02557866] Eau et gestion de l'eau dans les Amériques
Apr 27, 2022 | 03:57 amIntroduction et coordination du numéro thématique « Eau et gestion de l'eau dans les Amériques ». IdeAs, Idées d'Amériques.
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[halshs-03151598] Insights on "Limits" from Food-Energy-Water Nexus and Other Integrationist Frameworks
Apr 19, 2022 | 11:00 am[...]
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[hal-03377997] Looking for the -scape in the sound: Discriminating soundscapes categories in the Sonoran Desert using indices and clustering
Apr 1, 2022 | 03:53 am[...]
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[halshs-02403700] Multi-level policy coalitions an interpretative model of water conflicts in the Americas
Mar 23, 2022 | 12:08 pmThis article proposes an analytical approach to conflicts and policy-making related to urban water management based on multi-level policy coalitions. This is necessary to articulate four main issues. First, the repositioning of social and political struggles for access to water, along with policy variables. Second, the analysis of the effects of ecological transition, including climate change. Third, the reincorporation of these struggles and challenges in a multi-level approach. Finally, the enquiry into the apparent contradiction, in contemporary policymaking. The article proposes a definition of multi-level coalitions as collective preference systems that influence the content of policies (ideas/advocacy, decisions, policy tools) and their implementation, groups of actors that arise from engagement in policy issues. In the first section, the article presents the objectives of research on urban water management in the Americas, within the framework of which this analytical approach by multi-level coalitions is fashioned. In the second section, the article[…]
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